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Genomics is the study of the complete genetic sequence on one set of chromosomes (called the genome).  This is in contrast to molecular biology which is the study of the structure, function and role of a single gene.

The Human Genome Project, which was led by the National Human Genome Research Institute, produced a very high-quality version of the human genome sequence that is freely available in public databases. The sequence is not that of one person, but is a composite derived from several individuals. Therefore, it is a "representative" or generic sequence.

Virtually every human ailment, except perhaps trauma, has some basis in our genes.  Genomics allows us to link genetic variations with an increase in risk of specific diseases, such as cancer.  In the Middle East and Africa people with certain conditions, such as sickle cell anemia and thalasemia display very simple, predictable genetic variations.

It is estimated that there are over 100 Genomics companies mainly in the USA and Europe. Many of these carry out Genome-based research enabling the development of more effective diagnostic tools and analyzing the role of genetics in health care leading to the age of personalized medicine. A great example of this is in the emerging field of pharmacogenomics, which involves using information about a patient's genetic make-up to better tailor drug therapy to their individual needs.

The rapid developments in Genomics and other molecular research technologies have combined to produce a tremendous amount of information related to molecular biology.   Bioinformatics as a field nowadays is centered around the development and application of computationally intensive techniques, algorithms and data mining techniques to solve problems arising from the management and analysis of this biological data.  

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